Development of a Standard Reference Material for Rainwater Analysis
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper describes the development of Standard Reference Material, SRM 2694, "Simulated Rainwater," intended to aid in the analysis of acidic rainfall. Details of the formulation and preparation of the two levels of solutions (2694-1 and 2694-11) are given. The 10 analytical techniques used to measure the 12 components in the solutions are described in brief. The data used in the statistical evaluation of the results are summarized and the recommended values for pH, specific conductance, acidity, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, and magnesium are tabulated. The instability of ammonium ion in acidic solutions is discussed. Recommendations for the use of SRM 2694, particularly with regard to the measurement of pH, are given.
منابع مشابه
Sources of contamination in rainwater by major and heavy elements in Arak, Iran
Measurements of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, and Fe heavy metals and major elements and components such as Ca, HCO3, SO4, Na, K, Mg and Cl in soluble rain fractions were performed on rainwater collected at Arak plain during the rainy seasons of 2012. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the soluble fractions decreased for Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, As and Hg, respectively and the major elements and compon...
متن کاملAssessment of major ionic compositions and anthropogenic influences in the rainwater over a coal mining environment of Damodar River basin, India
In the present study, 45 rainwater samples were collected from February to December 2012 on event basis in East Bokaro coal mining environment. Physico-chemical and major ionic compositions of rainwater samples as well as water soluble major ion composition were analyzed to employ principle component analysis for source identification. The average pH value was recorded 6.1 and varied from 5.1 t...
متن کاملAssessment of major ionic compositions and anthropogenic influences in the rainwater over a coal mining environment of Damodar River basin, India
In the present study, 45 rainwater samples were collected from February to December 2012 on event basis in East Bokaro coal mining environment. Physico-chemical and major ionic compositions of rainwater samples as well as water soluble major ion composition were analyzed to employ principle component analysis for source identification. The average pH value was recorded 6.1 and varied from 5.1 t...
متن کاملSite Selection for Rainwater Harvesting for Wildlife using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Technique and GIS in the Kavir National Park, Iran
This research is an integration of GIS and multi-criteria decision making into a joint framework for identifying suitable areas for rainwater harvesting structures. The Kavir National park in Iran has been evaluated for suitability of rainwater harvesting. To this end, slope gradient, distance to guarding stations, distance to watering points for transporting collected water, distribution of wi...
متن کاملMethod of Quantitative Phase Analysis by XRD Without Reference Material
This new method which is worked out in Isfahan University of Technology, makes it possible to analyze the phases quantitatively in minerals and powdered materials by X Ray Diffraction and without any reference material. To identify n unknown phases, n different combinations of phases, from fine and coarse fractions, or etc., must be obtained. Amorphous phases should not exist. Intensity ratios ...
متن کامل